Comments: On Digital Cash-like Payment Systems

I have uploaded the presentation slides here:
https://www.epointsystem.org/~nagydani/icete2005-slides.pdf

Posted by Daniel A. Nagy at October 8, 2005 11:29 PM

(_copied from cypherpunks_) This is a thorough and careful paper but the system has no blinding and so payments are traceable and linkable. The standard technique of inserting dummy transfers is proposed, but it is not clear that this adds real privacy. Worse, it appears that the database showing which coins were exchanged for which is supposed to be public, making this linkage information available to everyone, not just banking insiders.

Some aspects are similar to Dan Simon's proposed ecash system from Crypto 96, in particular using knowledge of a secret such as a hash pre-image to represent possession of the cash. Simon's system is covered by patent number 5768385 and the ePoint system may need to step carefully around that patent. See http://www.mail-archive.com/cpunks@einstein.ssz.com/msg04483.html for further critique of Simon's approach.

Posted by Cyphrpunk at October 19, 2005 09:57 AM

(_copied from fc-discuss_) At the time of writing, I was already familiar with Simon's proposal and its above mentioned critique (I learnt about them from Stefan Brands' blog). At that time, the design and the implementation were already complete and the process of writing up the paper was also well advanced. Wishing to postpone the discussion of patents for as long as possible, I decided against citing Dan Simon's work in references, which may be regarded as an act of academic dishonesty on my part. Mea culpa. I am reasonably confident that I can legally defend the point that there are sufficient differences between my proposal and Simon's, but I might not be ready to fight off a legal assault from Microsoft (lack of time and money) right now. Leaving the patent issue at that, let us proceed to the substance.

I will probably need to write another paper, clarifiing some of these issues. Let me, however, re-emphasize some of the points already present in the paper and perhaps cast them in a slightly different light.

In my paper, I am explicitly and implicitly challenging Chaum's assumptions about the very problem of digital cash-like payment. One can, of course, criticize my proposal under chaumian assumptions, but that would miss the point entirely. I think, a decade of consistent failure at introducing chaumian digital cash to the market is good enough a reason to re-think the problem from the very basics.

Note that nowhere in my paper did I imply that the issuer is a bank (the only mentioning of a bank in the paper is in an analogy). This is because I am strongly convinced that banks cannot, will not and should not be the principal issuers of digital cash-like payment vehicles. If you need explanation, I'm willing to provide it. I do not expect payment tokens to originate from withdrawals and end their life cycles being deposited to users' bank accounts.

Insider fraud is a very serious risk in financial matters. A system that provides no safeguards against a fraudulent issuer will sooner or later be exploited that way. Financial systems (not just electronic ones) often fall to insider attacks. They must be addressed in a successful system. All chaumian systems are hopelessly vulnerable to insider fraud.

And now some points missing from the paper:

Having a long-term global secret, whose disclosure leads to immediate, catastrophic failure of the whole system is to be avoided in security engineering (using Schneier's terminology, it makes a hard system brittle). The private key of a blinding-based system is exactly such a component. Note that in the proposed system, the digital signature of the issuer is just a fancy integrity protection mechanism for public records, which can be supplemented and even temporarily substituted (while a new key is phased in in the case of compromise) by other mechanisms of integrity protection. It is the public audit trail that provides most of the security.

Using currency is, essentially, a credit operation, splitting barter into the separate acts of selling and buying, thus making the promise to reciprocate (that is the eligibility to buy something of equal value from the buyer) a tradeable asset itself. It is the trading of this asset that needs to be anonymous, and the proposed system does a good enough job of protecting the anonymity of those in the middle of the transaction chains.

Hope, this helps.

-- Daniel

Posted by Daniel at October 19, 2005 10:06 AM
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